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<title>Genodermatosis</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Genodermatosis</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Genodermatosis</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">genodermatoses</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">A patient with Clouston's hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, one of the rare genodermatosis.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Dermatology" title="Dermatology">Dermatology</a>, <a href="Medical_genetics" title="Medical genetics">Medical genetics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Cause_(medicine)" title="Cause (medicine)">Causes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Family history; gene mutation; chromosome abnormality</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">

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<p><b>Genodermatosis</b> is a hereditary <a href="Skin_condition" title="Skin condition">skin disease</a> with three inherited modes including single <a href="Gene" title="Gene">gene</a> inheritance, multiple gene inheritance and <a href="Chromosome" title="Chromosome">chromosome</a> inheritance.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid26015711_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26015711-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are many different types of genodermatosis; the prevalence of genodermatosis ranges from 1 per 6000 people to 1 per 500,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-Fields2019_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fields2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Genodermatosis has influence on the texture, color and structure of skin <a href="Cuticle" title="Cuticle">cuticle</a> and <a href="Connective_tissue" title="Connective tissue">connective tissue</a>, specific <a href="Lesion" title="Lesion">lesion</a> site and clinical manifestations on the body vary depending on the type.<sup id="cite_ref-Bayart_&_Brandling-Bennett_2018_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bayart_&_Brandling-Bennett_2018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the spite of the variety and complexity of genodermatosis, there are still some common methods that can help people diagnose.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid27767270_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27767270-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After diagnosis, different types of genodermatosis require different levels of therapy including interventions, nursing interventions and treatments.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among that, research of therapy for some new, complex and rare types are still in the developing stage.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The impact of genodermatosis not only can be seen in body but also can be seen in all aspects of patients' life, including but not limited to psychological, family life, economic conditions and social activities.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid29710387_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid29710387-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Accordingly, the patients need treatment, support and help in these areas.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hereditary_modes">Hereditary modes</h2></div>

<p>Genodermatosis is inherited in three modes: single gene inheritance, multiple gene inheritance and chromosome inheritance.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid26015711_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26015711-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Single_gene_(monogenic)">Single gene (monogenic)</h3></div>

<p>Single-gene inheritance of genodermatosis refers to the inheritance of a skin disease caused by one genetic abnormality and single gene heredity is divided into four kinds mainly.<sup id="cite_ref-Fields2019_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fields2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Autosomal_dominant_inheritance">Autosomal dominant inheritance</h4></div>

<p>The first kind is autosomal dominant inheritance, in this kind of inheritance, patients can be of any sex and their genodermatosis are often inherited from one of the parents.<sup id="cite_ref-Fields2019_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fields2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cases of skin disease that may be inherited in this kind of mode include <a href="Epidermolysis_bullosa_simplex" title="Epidermolysis bullosa simplex">epidermolysis bullosa simplex</a> (EBS), <a href="Acute_intermittent_porphyria" title="Acute intermittent porphyria">acute intermittent porphyria</a>, <a href="White_sponge_nevus" title="White sponge nevus">white sponge nevus</a>, <a href="Ichthyosis" title="Ichthyosis">ichthyosis</a>, epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma, <a href="Hereditary_benign_intraepithelial_dyskeratosis" title="Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis">hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis</a> and so on.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid26015711_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26015711-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fields2019_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fields2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid25274756_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid25274756-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid27726289_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27726289-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Autosomal_recessive_inheritance">Autosomal recessive inheritance</h4></div>

<p>The second kind is autosomal recessive inheritance, in this kind of inheritance, patients can be of any sex and inbreeding tends to lead to this inheritance.<sup id="cite_ref-Fields2019_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fields2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cases of skin disease that may be inherited in this kind of mode include <a href="Epidermolysis_bullosa" title="Epidermolysis bullosa">epidermolysis bullosa</a>, <a href="Xeroderma_pigmentosum" title="Xeroderma pigmentosum">xeroderma pigmentosum</a>, <a href="Acrodermatitis_enteropathica" title="Acrodermatitis enteropathica">acrodermatitis enteropathica</a>, ichthyosis and so on.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid26015711_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26015711-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fields2019_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fields2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="X-linked_dominant_inheritance">X-linked dominant inheritance</h4></div>

<p>The third kind is X-linked dominant inheritance, in this kind of inheritance, patients can be of any sex.<sup id="cite_ref-Fields2019_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fields2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Male patients can pass the disease on to their sons and the chances of female patients passing it to their daughters or sons are almost equal.<sup id="cite_ref-Fields2019_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fields2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cases of skin disease that may be inherited in this kind of mode include <a href="Incontinentia_pigmenti" title="Incontinentia pigmenti">incontinentia pigmenti</a>, <a href="Focal_dermal_hypoplasia" title="Focal dermal hypoplasia">focal dermal hypoplasia</a> and so on.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid26015711_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26015711-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid25274756_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid25274756-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="X-linked_recessive_inheritance">X-linked recessive inheritance</h4></div>

<p>The last kind is X-linked recessive inheritance, in this kind of inheritance, patients can be of any sex and the prevalence in men is higher than that in women.<sup id="cite_ref-Fields2019_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fields2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Male patients cannot pass the disease on to their sons.<sup id="cite_ref-Fields2019_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fields2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cases of skin disease that may be inherited in this kind of mode include <a href="Fabry_disease" title="Fabry disease">fabry disease</a>, <a href="Hypohidrotic_ectodermal_dysplasia" title="Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia">anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia</a>, <a href="Dyskeratosis_congenita" title="Dyskeratosis congenita">dyskeratosis congenita</a> and so on.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid26015711_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26015711-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fields2019_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fields2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Multiple_gene_(polygenic)">Multiple gene (polygenic)</h3></div>

<p>Multiple-gene inheritance of genodermatosis refers to the inheritance of a skin disease caused by multiple genetic abnormalities.<sup id="cite_ref-Fields2019_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fields2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cases of skin disease that may be inherited in this mode include <a href="Vitiligo" title="Vitiligo">vitiligo</a>, <a href="Psoriasis" title="Psoriasis">psoriasis</a>, <a href="Pemphigus_vulgaris" title="Pemphigus vulgaris">pemphigus vulgaris</a>, <a href="Lupus" title="Lupus">systemic lupus erythematosus</a> and so on.<sup id="cite_ref-Fields2019_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fields2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid25274756_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid25274756-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chromosome">Chromosome</h3></div>

<p>Chromosome inheritance of genodermatosis refers to the inheritance of a skin disease caused by chromosome abnormality.

</p><p>The same disease can be inherited in different modes. For instance, epidermolysis bullosa can be inherited in the mode of autosomal dominant or in the mode of autosomal recessive.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2></div>

<p>Genodermatosis has many types, many of which are rare.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Common_types">Common types</h3></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ichthyosis">Ichthyosis</h4></div>

<p>Ichthyosis refers mainly to <a href="Ichthyosis_vulgaris" title="Ichthyosis vulgaris">ichthyosis vulgaris</a>, a common genodermatosis, people with this disease have a fishy, dry skin, which usually appears in early childhood and may disappear in adulthood.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prevalence of ichthyosis vulgaris is high, affecting almost 1 per 250 people.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also rare types of ichthyosis, such as epidermolytic hyperkeratosis, <a href="Harlequin-type_ichthyosis" title="Harlequin-type ichthyosis">harlequin ichthyosis</a> and so on.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid25274756_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid25274756-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rare_types">Rare types</h3></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Michelin_tyre_baby_syndrome">Michelin tyre baby syndrome</h4></div>

<p>Michelin tyre baby syndrome is a rare genodermatosis that occurs at birth, the skin of the patients is stacked symmetrically in layers like the image of the <a href="Michelin" title="Michelin">Michelin</a> tyre's mascot, which is also how this disease got its name.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Epidermolysis_bullosa">Epidermolysis bullosa</h4></div>

<p>Epidermolysis bullosa is a rare type of genodermatosis, people with this disease have blisters on their skin and this disease is never completely cured for a lifetime.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Epidermolysis bullosa is mainly subdivided into four types: <a href="Epidermolysis_bullosa_dystrophica" title="Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica">dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa</a>, epidermolysis bullosa simplex, <a href="Junctional_epidermolysis_bullosa_(medicine)" title="Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (medicine)">junctional epidermolysis bullosa</a> and <a href="Kindler_syndrome" title="Kindler syndrome">kindler syndrome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almost 1 in 50,000 people has epidermolysis bullosa.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pachyonychia_congenita">Pachyonychia congenita</h4></div>

<p>Pachyonychia congenita is a rare type of genodermatosis, its clinical manifestations are abnormal enlargement of fingernails or toenails, excessive or poor palmoplantar keratinization, excessive sweating in the palmar or the plantar.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 5000 and 10000 people in the world have pachyonychia congenita.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Epidermolytic_palmoplantar_keratoderma">Epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma</h4></div>

<p>Epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma often appears at birth and it is almost impossible to be cured completely.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid27726289_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27726289-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The clinical manifestations of this disease include excessive palmoplantar keratinization, the palmar or plantar become yellow divergently with around the edges or abnormally excessive sweating and clinical manifestation appear in a symmetrical form on the body.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid27726289_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27726289-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hereditary_benign_intraepithelial_dyskeratosis">Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis</h4></div>

<p>Hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis is a rare type of genodermatosis that may occur in infancy and early childhood, its symptoms often appear in the patients' eyes and mouths.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The patients' eyes appear red due to the dilatation of superficial vessels and appearance of conjunctival plaques in their eyes, patients may have variable-size, thick, soft and white plaques in their mouth.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Spring is an acute episode of symptoms, such as itching, erythema, photophobia and so on.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Epidermolytic_hyperkeratosis">Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis</h4></div>

<p>Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis is a rare genodermatosis which is also referred to as disorder of cornification type 3 and bullous congenital ichthyosiform erthroderma, affecting almost 1 per 200,000 - 300,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-ProQuest68849936_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ProQuest68849936-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also stated that its clinical manifestations often begin at birth with large rashes all over the body, and the patients' skin will be so sensitive that even mild wounds can cause blisters and peeling. Potential complications of this disease include <a href="Electrolyte_imbalance" title="Electrolyte imbalance">electrolyte disturbances</a>, <a href="Sepsis" title="Sepsis">sepsis</a> and so on.<sup id="cite_ref-ProQuest68849936_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ProQuest68849936-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hidrotic_ectodermal_dysplasia">Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia</h4></div>

<p>Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is a rare genodermatosis which is also known as Clouston syndrome. The patients' nails may be too thick, too brittle, too bent or have different colors, their hair also appear mottled, sparse and other abnormalities.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These symptoms often begin when the patient is an infant.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diagnostic_methods">Diagnostic methods</h2></div>

<p>Genodermatosis is often rare and varied, but diagnostic methods have some commonalities, the diagnosis of rare genodermatosis is basically divided into six steps: 1. Each genodermatosis has different clinical manifestations. People can observe the special features and changes of the skin to judge whether they are sick or not. Features will be different in different age groups, so it is necessary to observe and record the special features of the skin in each age group; 2. Genodermatosis is a hereditary disease, knowing as much as possible about a detailed and complete family history helps in screening and diagnosis; 3. People can do a detailed physical examination to observe the special features and manifestations of other organs besides skin. It can help to narrow down the disease and make a definitive diagnosis; 4. People can carry out laboratory tests such as <a href="Skin_biopsy" title="Skin biopsy">skin biopsies</a> with high-tech and precise scientific instruments to have further results; 5. Different genodermatosis and their clinical manifestations may be caused by abnormalities in the same gene, and abnormalities in different genes may also lead to the same clinical manifestations. In order to have a definitive diagnosis or identify complex and specific types of genodermatosis, <a href="Genotype" title="Genotype">genotype</a>–<a href="Phenotype" title="Phenotype">phenotype</a> correlation needs attention; 6. If the above five steps fails to help people who suspected of having a genodermatosis to obtain the diagnosis result, they should keep all their information such as the diagnosis record and the clinical manifestations at different stages, and continue to record the changes of the body, waiting with a positive attitude, the future medicine may give the answer.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid27767270_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid27767270-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Therapy">Therapy</h2></div>

<p>The therapy of genodermatosis not only needs to take care of patients' skin, reduce their pain and prevent complications, but also needs to carry out mental support for patients and their families.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prevention_and_care">Prevention and care</h3></div>

<p>Different types of genodermatosis require different kinds of prevention and care.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ichthyosis_2">Ichthyosis</h4></div>

<p>There is no radical therapeutic method for ichthyosis, but some care can ease the symptoms.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To prevent skin thickening and hydrate skin, patients can apply a cream containing <a href="Alpha_hydroxy_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha hydroxy acid">alpha hydroxy acids</a> and patients can also be treated with antibiotics for subsequent infections.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Epidermolysis_bullosa_2">Epidermolysis bullosa</h4></div>

<p>For epidermolysis bullosa, daily care is important. When treating a wound, keep it clean and reduce friction, the bandages and dressing used must be non-sticky and gentle, and the patient should wear loose clothing to avoid damaging the wound.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:13_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Epidermolytic_hyperkeratosis_2">Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis</h4></div>

<p>The treatment of Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis is mainly control and alleviate symptoms, and good nursing can reduce the incidence of complications like electrolyte disturbances and sepsis.<sup id="cite_ref-ProQuest68849936_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ProQuest68849936-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To improve the look and feeling of the skin, patients can apply a cream containing alpha hydroxy acids, <a href="Glycerol" title="Glycerol">glycerol</a> and <a href="Urea" title="Urea">urea</a>, and if necessary, patients can use antibiotics to control secondary infections.<sup id="cite_ref-ProQuest68849936_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ProQuest68849936-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pachyonychia_congenita_2">Pachyonychia congenita</h4></div>

<p>There is no radical therapeutic method for pachyonychia congenita, but some care can ease the symptoms.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Patients can polish and trim thickened nails, some of them can use retinoids to relieve symptoms but it may increase pain.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Neurofibromatosis_type_I"><a href="Neurofibromatosis_type_I" title="Neurofibromatosis type I">Neurofibromatosis type I</a></h4></div>

<p><a href="Selumetinib" title="Selumetinib">Selumetinib</a> and <a href="Trametinib" title="Trametinib">trametinib</a> have been shown to reduce and control tumor growth in people with neurofibromatosis type I, reducing the likelihood of malignant lesions.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid32972604_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid32972604-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Therapeutic_methods">Therapeutic methods</h3></div>

<p>There are some new and developing genetic therapies available in genodermatosis.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid32972604_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid32972604-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In the case of X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, unborn babies diagnosed with this disease can be treated in their mothers' womb. Providing regulatory proteins in the womb during a critical period of infant growth may help correct the development of babies' <a href="Sweat_gland" title="Sweat gland">sweat glands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid32972604_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid32972604-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><a href="Ustekinumab" title="Ustekinumab">Ustekinumab</a> is a biologic therapy that can be used in a variety of genodermatosis such as congenital ichthyosis, psoriasis, deficiency of interleukin-36 receptor antagonist (DITRA) and so on.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid32972604_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid32972604-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>A new topical method could treat skin abnormalities in rare inherited lipid metabolic diseases.<sup id="cite_ref-Jancin_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jancin-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This method obstructs abnormal mevalonate by topical application of <a href="Lovastatin" title="Lovastatin">lovastatin</a> so that the production and cumulation of poisonous metabolic intermediates can be inhibited as much as possible and takes the place of the lacking lipid in the skin by topical application of <a href="Cholesterol" title="Cholesterol">cholesterol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid32972604_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid32972604-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jancin_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jancin-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The idea that similar treatments could be developed for other genodermatosis was also pointed out at the annual conference of the European Society of Dermatology and Venereology.<sup id="cite_ref-Jancin_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jancin-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>For epidermolysis bullosa, a method called <a href="CRISPR" title="CRISPR">CRISPR</a> can be used to treat this disease by gene analysis, modification and substitution, but the method is ethically controversial because it consents to editing genes highly.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid32972604_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid32972604-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Treatments for some rare diseases are still being studied. The therapy of genodermatosis requires the updating of technology, and the development of technology depends on the continuous understanding of the mechanism of the disease. Research on the treatment of genodermatosis is at a positive stage of development.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid32972604_20-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid32972604-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effects">Effects</h2></div>

<p>Genodermatosis affects patients in many ways. Genodermatosis is a kind of skin disease, it affects the texture, color and structure of the cuticle and connective tissue of the skin, some of which can cause abnormalities in other organs.<sup id="cite_ref-Bayart_&_Brandling-Bennett_2018_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bayart_&_Brandling-Bennett_2018-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the social side, because the genodermatosis makes the patients' skin and appearance different from the ordinary people and makes them have limitations in some activities, they more or less encounter obstacles in the process of making friends, seeking a mate, going to school and entering the workplace.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid29710387_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid29710387-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Difficulties in communicating with others as well as worldly prejudice may affect their mental health. Patients are also affected by genodermatosis in terms of family life.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid29710387_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid29710387-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of the behavioral disorders and treatment of certain genodermatosis, families need to spend more time caring for the patient, and the patient may have more concerns and considerations about procreating children due to the disease. In terms of economy, the treatment of genodermatosis is not a simple and short process, which will generate additional family expenses and increase economic pressure on patients and their families.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid29710387_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid29710387-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_cutaneous_conditions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cutaneous conditions">List of cutaneous conditions</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDhingraSethiMantan2013" class="citation journal cs1">Dhingra, Dhulika; Sethi, G. R.; Mantan, Mukta (August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs13312-013-0208-8">"Michelin tyre baby: A rare genodermatosis"</a>. <i>Indian Pediatrics</i>. <b>50</b> (8): 808. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs13312-013-0208-8">10.1007/s13312-013-0208-8</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24036654">24036654</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:38318738">38318738</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-:6-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Queensland Government. (2017). Epidermolysis bullosa fact sheet. Retrieved October 11, 2020, from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.childrens.health.qld.gov.au/fact-sheet-epidermolysis-bullosa/">https://www.childrens.health.qld.gov.au/fact-sheet-epidermolysis-bullosa/</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-:13-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:13_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD). (2019).Epidermolysis Bullosa. Retrieved from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/epidermolysis-bullosa/">https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/epidermolysis-bullosa/</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAgarwalChhaperwalSinghVerma2013" class="citation journal cs1">Agarwal, Puneet; Chhaperwal, MahendraK; Singh, Apurva; Verma, Arvind; Nijhawan, Manisha; Singh, Kishore; Mathur, Dinesh (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3752484">"Pachyonychia congenita: A rare genodermatosis"</a>. <i>Indian Dermatology Online Journal</i>. <b>4</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">225–</span>7. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4103%2F2229-5178.115527">10.4103/2229-5178.115527</a></span>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3752484">3752484</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23984242">23984242</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-:14-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:14_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:14_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD). (2018). Pachyonychia Congenita. Retrieved from <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/pachyonychia-congenita/">[1]</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-:9-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">O'Neill, M. J. (2013, May 17). DYSKERATOSIS, HEREDITARY BENIGN INTRAEPITHELIAL; HBID. Retrieved from <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.omim.org/entry/127600">[2]</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-ProQuest68849936-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ProQuest68849936_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ProQuest68849936_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ProQuest68849936_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ProQuest68849936_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKwakMaverakis2006" class="citation journal cs1">Kwak, Juliann; Maverakis, Emanual (8 September 2006). "Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis". <i>Dermatology Online Journal</i>. <b>12</b> (5): 6. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5070%2FD38HV5R331">10.5070/D38HV5R331</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16962021">16962021</a>. <a href="ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/68849936">68849936</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-:8-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. (2020). Clouston syndrome. Retrieved from <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/2056/clouston-syndrome">[3]</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-pmid32972604-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pmid32972604_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid32972604_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid32972604_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid32972604_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid32972604_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid32972604_20-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pmid32972604_20-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSilverberg2020" class="citation journal cs1">Silverberg, Nanette (July 2020). "Emerging therapies in genodermatoses". <i>Clinics in Dermatology</i>. <b>38</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">462–</span>466. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.clindermatol.2020.03.006">10.1016/j.clindermatol.2020.03.006</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32972604">32972604</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:216334904">216334904</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Jancin-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jancin_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jancin_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jancin_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJancin2011" class="citation news cs1">Jancin, Bruce (16 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mdedge.com/dermatology/article/46371/pediatrics/topical-treatment-genodermatosis-called-genius">"Topical Treatment for Genodermatosis Called 'Genius'"</a>. <i>Dermatology News</i>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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</style><div id="Congenital_malformations_and_deformations_of_integument_/_skin_disease148" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Congenital_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Congenital disorder">Congenital</a> malformations and deformations of <a href="Integument" title="Integument">integument</a> / <a href="Skin_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Skin disease">skin disease</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Congenital_ichthyosis/erythrokeratodermia253" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Congenital_ichthyosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Congenital ichthyosis">Congenital ichthyosis</a>/<br><a href="Erythrokeratodermia" title="Erythrokeratodermia">erythrokeratodermia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Autosomal_dominant" class="mw-redirect" title="Autosomal dominant">AD</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ichthyosis_vulgaris" title="Ichthyosis vulgaris">Ichthyosis vulgaris</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Autosomal_recessive" class="mw-redirect" title="Autosomal recessive">AR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Congenital_ichthyosiform_erythroderma" title="Congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma">Congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma</a>: <a href="Epidermolytic_hyperkeratosis" title="Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis">Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis</a></li>

<li><a href="Lamellar_ichthyosis" title="Lamellar ichthyosis">Lamellar ichthyosis</a>

<ul><li><a href="Harlequin-type_ichthyosis" title="Harlequin-type ichthyosis">Harlequin-type ichthyosis</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Netherton_syndrome" title="Netherton syndrome">Netherton syndrome</a></li>

<li><a href="CHIME_syndrome" title="CHIME syndrome">CHIME syndrome</a></li>

<li><a href="Sj%C3%B6gren%E2%80%93Larsson_syndrome" title="Sjögren–Larsson syndrome">Sjögren–Larsson syndrome</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="X-linked_recessive" class="mw-redirect" title="X-linked recessive">XR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="X-linked_ichthyosis" title="X-linked ichthyosis">X-linked ichthyosis</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ungrouped</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ichthyosis_bullosa_of_Siemens" title="Ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens">Ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens</a></li>

<li><a href="Ichthyosis_follicularis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ichthyosis follicularis">Ichthyosis follicularis</a></li>

<li><a href="Ichthyosis_prematurity_syndrome" title="Ichthyosis prematurity syndrome">Ichthyosis prematurity syndrome</a></li>

<li><a href="Ichthyosis%E2%80%93sclerosing_cholangitis_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Ichthyosis–sclerosing cholangitis syndrome">Ichthyosis–sclerosing cholangitis syndrome</a></li>

<li><a href="Nonbullous_congenital_ichthyosiform_erythroderma" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonbullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma">Nonbullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma</a></li>

<li><a href="Ichthyosis_linearis_circumflexa" title="Ichthyosis linearis circumflexa">Ichthyosis linearis circumflexa</a></li>

<li><a href="Ichthyosis_hystrix" title="Ichthyosis hystrix">Ichthyosis hystrix</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Epidermolysis_bullosa" title="Epidermolysis bullosa">EB</a><br>and related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Junctional_epidermolysis_bullosa_(medicine)" title="Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (medicine)">Mitis</a></li>

<li><a href="Junctional_epidermolysis_bullosa_(medicine)" title="Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (medicine)">Generalized atrophic</a></li>

<ul><li>related: <a href="Costello_syndrome" title="Costello syndrome">Costello syndrome</a></li>

<li><a href="Kindler_syndrome" title="Kindler syndrome">Kindler syndrome</a></li>

<li><a href="Laryngoonychocutaneous_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Laryngoonychocutaneous syndrome">Laryngoonychocutaneous syndrome</a></li>

<li><a href="Skin_fragility_syndrome" title="Skin fragility syndrome">Skin fragility syndrome</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Ectodermal_dysplasia" title="Ectodermal dysplasia">Ectodermal dysplasia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Naegeli_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Naegeli syndrome">Naegeli syndrome</a>/<a href="Dermatopathia_pigmentosa_reticularis" title="Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis">Dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis</a></li>

<li><a href="Hay%E2%80%93Wells_syndrome" title="Hay–Wells syndrome">Hay–Wells syndrome</a></li>

<li><a href="Hypohidrotic_ectodermal_dysplasia" title="Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia">Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia</a></li>

<li><a href="Focal_dermal_hypoplasia" title="Focal dermal hypoplasia">Focal dermal hypoplasia</a></li>

<li><a href="Ellis%E2%80%93van_Creveld_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellis–van Creveld syndrome">Ellis–van Creveld syndrome</a></li>

<li><a href="Rapp%E2%80%93Hodgkin_syndrome" title="Rapp–Hodgkin syndrome">Rapp–Hodgkin syndrome</a>/<a href="Hay%E2%80%93Wells_syndrome" title="Hay–Wells syndrome">Hay–Wells syndrome</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Elastic_fiber" title="Elastic fiber">Elastic</a>/<a href="Connective_tissue_disease" title="Connective tissue disease">Connective</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ehlers%E2%80%93Danlos_syndrome" title="Ehlers–Danlos syndrome">Ehlers–Danlos syndrome</a></li>

<li><a href="Cutis_laxa" title="Cutis laxa">Cutis laxa</a> (<a href="Gerodermia_osteodysplastica" title="Gerodermia osteodysplastica">Gerodermia osteodysplastica</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Popliteal_pterygium_syndrome" title="Popliteal pterygium syndrome">Popliteal pterygium syndrome</a></li>

<li><a href="Pseudoxanthoma_elasticum" title="Pseudoxanthoma elasticum">Pseudoxanthoma elasticum</a></li>

<li><a href="Van_der_Woude_syndrome" title="Van der Woude syndrome">Van der Woude syndrome</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Hyperkeratosis" title="Hyperkeratosis">Hyperkeratosis</a>/<br><a href="Keratin_disease" title="Keratin disease">keratinopathy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Palmoplantar_keratoderma" title="Palmoplantar keratoderma">PPK</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Palmoplantar_keratoderma" title="Palmoplantar keratoderma">diffuse</a>: <a href="Palmoplantar_keratoderma" title="Palmoplantar keratoderma">Diffuse epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma</a></li>

<li><a href="Palmoplantar_keratoderma" title="Palmoplantar keratoderma">Diffuse nonepidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma</a></li>

<li><a href="Palmoplantar_keratoderma" title="Palmoplantar keratoderma">Palmoplantar keratoderma of Sybert</a></li>

<li><a href="Meleda_disease" title="Meleda disease">Meleda disease</a></li></ul>

<ul><li>syndromic

<ul><li><i><a href="Connexin" title="Connexin">connexin</a></i>

<ul><li><a href="Bart%E2%80%93Pumphrey_syndrome" title="Bart–Pumphrey syndrome">Bart–Pumphrey syndrome</a></li>

<li><a href="Clouston's_hidrotic_ectodermal_dysplasia" title="Clouston's hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia">Clouston's hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia</a></li>

<li><a href="Vohwinkel_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Vohwinkel syndrome">Vohwinkel syndrome</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Corneodermatoosseous_syndrome" title="Corneodermatoosseous syndrome">Corneodermatoosseous syndrome</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Plakoglobin" title="Plakoglobin">plakoglobin</a></i>

<ul><li><a href="Naxos_syndrome" title="Naxos syndrome">Naxos syndrome</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Scleroatrophic_syndrome_of_Huriez" class="mw-redirect" title="Scleroatrophic syndrome of Huriez">Scleroatrophic syndrome of Huriez</a></li>

<li><a href="Olmsted_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Olmsted syndrome">Olmsted syndrome</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Cathepsin_C" title="Cathepsin C">Cathepsin C</a></i>

<ul><li><a href="Papillon%E2%80%93Lef%C3%A8vre_syndrome" title="Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome">Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome</a></li>

<li><a href="Haim%E2%80%93Munk_syndrome" title="Haim–Munk syndrome">Haim–Munk syndrome</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Camisa_disease" title="Camisa disease">Camisa disease</a></li>

<li><a href="Palmoplantar_keratoderma" title="Palmoplantar keratoderma">focal</a>: <a href="Palmoplantar_keratoderma" title="Palmoplantar keratoderma">Focal palmoplantar keratoderma with oral mucosal hyperkeratosis</a></li>

<li><a href="Focal_palmoplantar_and_gingival_keratosis" title="Focal palmoplantar and gingival keratosis">Focal palmoplantar and gingival keratosis</a></li>

<li><a href="Howel%E2%80%93Evans_syndrome" title="Howel–Evans syndrome">Howel–Evans syndrome</a></li>

<li><a href="Pachyonychia_congenita" title="Pachyonychia congenita">Pachyonychia congenita</a>

<ul><li><a href="Pachyonychia_congenita_type_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Pachyonychia congenita type I">Pachyonychia congenita type I</a></li>

<li><a href="Pachyonychia_congenita_type_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Pachyonychia congenita type II">Pachyonychia congenita type II</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Palmoplantar_keratoderma" title="Palmoplantar keratoderma">Striate palmoplantar keratoderma</a></li>

<li><a href="Tyrosinemia_type_II" title="Tyrosinemia type II">Tyrosinemia type II</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Palmoplantar_keratoderma" title="Palmoplantar keratoderma">punctate</a>: <a href="Acrokeratoelastoidosis_of_Costa" title="Acrokeratoelastoidosis of Costa">Acrokeratoelastoidosis of Costa</a></li>

<li><a href="Focal_acral_hyperkeratosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Focal acral hyperkeratosis">Focal acral hyperkeratosis</a></li>

<li><a href="Keratosis_punctata_palmaris_et_plantaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Keratosis punctata palmaris et plantaris">Keratosis punctata palmaris et plantaris</a></li>

<li><a href="Keratosis_punctata_of_the_palmar_creases" title="Keratosis punctata of the palmar creases">Keratosis punctata of the palmar creases</a></li>

<li><a href="Sch%C3%B6pf%E2%80%93Schulz%E2%80%93Passarge_syndrome" title="Schöpf–Schulz–Passarge syndrome">Schöpf–Schulz–Passarge syndrome</a></li>

<li><a href="Porokeratosis_plantaris_discreta" class="mw-redirect" title="Porokeratosis plantaris discreta">Porokeratosis plantaris discreta</a></li>

<li><a href="Spiny_keratoderma" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiny keratoderma">Spiny keratoderma</a></li></ul>

<ul><li>ungrouped: <a href="Palmoplantar_keratoderma" title="Palmoplantar keratoderma">Palmoplantar keratoderma and spastic paraplegia</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Desmoplakin" title="Desmoplakin">desmoplakin</a></i>

<ul><li><a href="Palmoplantar_keratoderma" title="Palmoplantar keratoderma">Carvajal syndrome</a></li></ul></li>

<li><i><a href="Connexin" title="Connexin">connexin</a></i>

<ul><li><a href="Erythrokeratodermia_variabilis" title="Erythrokeratodermia variabilis">Erythrokeratodermia variabilis</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Meleda_disease" title="Meleda disease">Meleda disease</a></li>

<li><a href="Keratosis_pilaris" title="Keratosis pilaris">Keratosis pilaris</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Darier's_disease" title="Darier's disease">Darier's disease</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Dyskeratosis_congenita" title="Dyskeratosis congenita">Dyskeratosis congenita</a></li>

<li><a href="Lelis_syndrome" title="Lelis syndrome">Lelis syndrome</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Dyskeratosis_congenita" title="Dyskeratosis congenita">Dyskeratosis congenita</a></li>

<li><a href="Keratolytic_winter_erythema" title="Keratolytic winter erythema">Keratolytic winter erythema</a></li>

<li><a href="Keratosis_follicularis_spinulosa_decalvans" title="Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans">Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans</a></li>

<li><a href="Keratosis_linearis_with_ichthyosis_congenita_and_sclerosing_keratoderma_syndrome" title="Keratosis linearis with ichthyosis congenita and sclerosing keratoderma syndrome">Keratosis linearis with ichthyosis congenita and sclerosing keratoderma syndrome</a></li>

<li><a href="Keratosis_pilaris_atrophicans_faciei" title="Keratosis pilaris atrophicans faciei">Keratosis pilaris atrophicans faciei</a></li>

<li><a href="Keratosis_pilaris" title="Keratosis pilaris">Keratosis pilaris</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Cadherin" title="Cadherin">cadherin</a></i>

<ul><li><a href="EEM_syndrome" title="EEM syndrome">EEM syndrome</a></li></ul></li>

<li><i><a href="Immune_system" title="Immune system">immune system</a></i>

<ul><li><a href="Lymphedema" title="Lymphedema">Hereditary lymphedema</a></li>

<li><a href="Mastocytosis" title="Mastocytosis">Mastocytosis</a>/<a href="Urticaria_pigmentosa" title="Urticaria pigmentosa">Urticaria pigmentosa</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Hailey%E2%80%93Hailey_disease" title="Hailey–Hailey disease">Hailey–Hailey</a></li></ul>

<p><i>see also Template:Congenital malformations and deformations of skin appendages, Template:Phakomatoses</i>, <i>Template:Pigmentation disorders</i>, <i>Template:DNA replication and repair-deficiency disorder</i>

</p>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Developmental<br>anomalies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Midline</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Dermoid_cyst" title="Dermoid cyst">Dermoid cyst</a></li>

<li><a href="Encephalocele" title="Encephalocele">Encephalocele</a></li>

<li><a href="Nasal_glioma" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal glioma">Nasal glioma</a></li>

<li><a href="PHACE_association" class="mw-redirect" title="PHACE association">PHACE association</a></li>

<li><a href="Sinus_pericranii" title="Sinus pericranii">Sinus pericranii</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Nevus" title="Nevus">Nevus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Capillary_hemangioma" class="mw-redirect" title="Capillary hemangioma">Capillary hemangioma</a></li>

<li><a href="Port-wine_stain" title="Port-wine stain">Port-wine stain</a>

<ul><li><a href="Nevus_flammeus_nuchae" title="Nevus flammeus nuchae">Nevus flammeus nuchae</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other/ungrouped</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aplasia_cutis_congenita" title="Aplasia cutis congenita">Aplasia cutis congenita</a></li>

<li><a href="Amniotic_band_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Amniotic band syndrome">Amniotic band syndrome</a></li>

<li><a href="Branchial_cyst" class="mw-redirect" title="Branchial cyst">Branchial cyst</a></li>

<li><a href="Cavernous_venous_malformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavernous venous malformation">Cavernous venous malformation</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Accessory_nail_of_the_fifth_toe" title="Accessory nail of the fifth toe">Accessory nail of the fifth toe</a></li>

<li><a href="Bronchogenic_cyst" title="Bronchogenic cyst">Bronchogenic cyst</a></li>

<li><a href="Congenital_cartilaginous_rest_of_the_neck" title="Congenital cartilaginous rest of the neck">Congenital cartilaginous rest of the neck</a></li>

<li><a href="Congenital_hypertrophy_of_the_lateral_fold_of_the_hallux" title="Congenital hypertrophy of the lateral fold of the hallux">Congenital hypertrophy of the lateral fold of the hallux</a></li>

<li><a href="Congenital_lip_pit" title="Congenital lip pit">Congenital lip pit</a></li>

<li><a href="Congenital_malformations_of_the_dermatoglyphs" title="Congenital malformations of the dermatoglyphs">Congenital malformations of the dermatoglyphs</a></li>

<li><a href="Congenital_preauricular_fistula" class="mw-redirect" title="Congenital preauricular fistula">Congenital preauricular fistula</a></li>

<li><a href="Congenital_smooth_muscle_hamartoma" title="Congenital smooth muscle hamartoma">Congenital smooth muscle hamartoma</a></li>

<li><a href="Cystic_lymphatic_malformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cystic lymphatic malformation">Cystic lymphatic malformation</a></li>

<li><a href="Median_raphe_cyst" title="Median raphe cyst">Median raphe cyst</a></li>

<li><a href="Melanotic_neuroectodermal_tumor_of_infancy" title="Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy">Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy</a></li>

<li><a href="Mongolian_spot" title="Mongolian spot">Mongolian spot</a></li>

<li><a href="Nasolacrimal_duct_cyst" title="Nasolacrimal duct cyst">Nasolacrimal duct cyst</a></li>

<li><a href="Omphalomesenteric_duct_cyst" title="Omphalomesenteric duct cyst">Omphalomesenteric duct cyst</a></li>

<li><a href="Poland_anomaly" class="mw-redirect" title="Poland anomaly">Poland anomaly</a></li>

<li><a href="Rapidly_involuting_congenital_hemangioma" class="mw-redirect" title="Rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma">Rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma</a></li>

<li><a href="Rosenthal%E2%80%93Kloepfer_syndrome" title="Rosenthal–Kloepfer syndrome">Rosenthal–Kloepfer syndrome</a></li>

<li><a href="Skin_dimple" title="Skin dimple">Skin dimple</a></li>

<li><a href="Superficial_lymphatic_malformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Superficial lymphatic malformation">Superficial lymphatic malformation</a></li>

<li><a href="Thyroglossal_duct_cyst" class="mw-redirect" title="Thyroglossal duct cyst">Thyroglossal duct cyst</a></li>

<li><a href="Verrucous_vascular_malformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Verrucous vascular malformation">Verrucous vascular malformation</a></li>

<li><a href="Birthmark" title="Birthmark">Birthmark</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-03-17" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Genodermatosis&oldid=1280950938">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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